Contributor: Adam Barkin, MD Educational Pearls: Multi-center open-label non-inferiority trial looked at treatment of pneumothorax with a small-bore chest tube versus conservative management with exceptional follow up 316 patients ages 14-50 with moderate to large pneumothorax (>32% measured on CXR) were randomized into one of the two treatment arms 15% of the conservative group required…
Read MoreContributor: Thomas Seibert, MD Educational Pearls: High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) typically occurs 2-4 days after arriving at elevation Symptoms include: Fatigue Dyspnea Cough Treatment includes: Descent to lower elevation Oxygen supplementation Nifedipine Caused by sympathetic stimulation from hypobaric hypoxic exposure, causing uneven pulmonary vasculature constriction and when paired with a leaky endothelium, pulmonary edema….
Read MoreContributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: Contrary to many assumptions, meter-dose inhalers (MDIs) are as effective as nebulizers in pediatric and adult patients Nebulizers are associated with higher rates of tremor, tachycardia; they cost more and are associated with longer ED stays Though it may take some convincing, in a patient that is physically able,…
Read MoreEmergency Medical Minute collaborated with CarePoint Health in early March for a night of education on Pediatric Emergencies geared towards mid-level providers at a local Denver brewery for our latest Brewcast. Pediatric patients require special considerations compared to adults when receiving medical care, and that remains true when dealing with respiratory illnesses across different age…
Read MoreContributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: The use of oxygen is controversial when treating patients with certain conditions, like MI’s, stokes, or ARDS because adverse outcomes have been demonstrated with using high oxygen concentrations. The Oxygen ICU trial looked at using higher and lower oxygen levels in treating intubated ARDS patients and found that mortality…
Read MoreCapnography is the measurement of the partial pressure of exhaled CO2 and is an indirect measurement of your cellular respiration. It is displayed visually as a block-like waveform during the exhalation phase of respiration and monitors ventilation in real-time. Capnography is the gold standard for monitoring sedated and intubated patients in the hospital and the…
Read MoreContributor: Don Stader, MD Educational Pearls: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a catch all term for when lung injury leads to fluid collection in the air spaces of the lungs Ventilatory management in ARDS patients involves lower FiO2 and PEEP than other patients and relies on lung protective ventilation strategies to prevent barotrauma Proning…
Read MoreContributor: Dylan Luyten, MD Educational pearls: Clinical management of COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, relying on case reports and clinical experience In just a month, the consensus around management of COVID patients with severe hypoxia has shifted from an early intubation strategy to other, non-invasive means Intubating early can quickly consume ventilator resources, require increased intensive…
Read MoreContributor: Dylan Luyten, MD Educational Pearls: After you diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE) via CT or VQ scan, we need to categorize the PE as massive, sub-massive, or just PE to dictate treatment. Massive PE: shock with hypotension due to an embolism, and the treatment of choice is thrombolysis with IV tPA with anticoagulation after…
Read MoreAuthor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: New data shows within 5 years of smoking cessation, the risk of cardiovascular disease becomes half of those who continue to smoke After 10-15 years of cessation, cardiovascular disease rates return to rates seen in non-smokers. Lung disease, COPD, and cancer rates do not decrease quite as rapidly, but…
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