Contributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: Tracheostomy bleeding is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that usually occurs within the first month of tracheostomy tube placement No matter how severe the bleeding, every patient should be evaluated to rule out a tracheo-innominate fistula between the tracheostomy and the innominate artery If the patient is currently…
Read MoreContributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: Tidal volume is the amount of breath a patient receives in a single ventilation Traditional tidal volume (TV) setting was 10 ml/kg but studies showed lower TV had less incidence of respiratory distress, ARDS, and overall better outcomes ED ventilation settings may get carried on for hours or days…
Read MoreContributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: Recent study looking at a pediatric emergency department to determine what percentage of patients after intubation received sedation within 10 minutes after intubation About 25% of the patients in the study received sedation within 10 minutes after intubation Only 75% of the patients in the study received sedation in…
Read MoreContributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: An endotracheal tube introducer or bougie are often used as a rescue device during difficult intubations as they are small and can be placed blindly Large randomized-controlled trial looked at first-pass bougie use versus standard intubation to determine if there was improvement in first-pass success rate No difference in…
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Ludwig’s Angina Chief Complaint: Neck and jaw pain HPI: 32-year-old female with a history of IV drug use, last injected methamphetamine 2 days ago, presents for 1 day of right-sided neck and jaw pain with associated swelling. She denies trauma, dental pain and sore throat. She states the pain started around lunchtime yesterday and that…
Read MoreContributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has become more utilized with COVID pandemic Multiple studies have shown this method improves both oxygenation and ventilation Newer studies have shown the respiratory benefit of HFNC vs normal oxygen in patients suffering from CHF and those with do not intubate orders who are…
Read MoreContributor: Ricky Dhaliwal, MD, JD Educational Pearls: Topical anesthetization can allow for an awake intubation, which substantially decreases chance of loss of airway or respiratory drive because sedatives/paralytics are not necessary Lidocaine treatments like URO-JET (2% lidocaine jelly) can be applied through the nare followed by LMX cream (4% lidocaine) which should be applied to…
Read MoreContributor: Dylan Luyten, MD Educational pearls: Clinical management of COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, relying on case reports and clinical experience In just a month, the consensus around management of COVID patients with severe hypoxia has shifted from an early intubation strategy to other, non-invasive means Intubating early can quickly consume ventilator resources, require increased intensive…
Read MoreContributor: Dylan Luyten, MD Educational Pearls: Bag-valve masks (BVM) typically have a port to connect O2 to. Unfortunately room air becomes entrained in the mask, reducing the FiO2 delivered to the patient. This can be overcome by using a PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) valve on the BVM PEEP valves function by keeping alveoli open in…
Read MoreContributor: Michael Hunt, MD Educational Pearls: Due to the efficacy of vaccination, epiglottitis is now more common in adults than children Risk factors include smoking and other immunocompromising co-morbidities, such as diabetes Epiglottitis can present with sore throat and fever, with potential rapid progression to respiratory distress and stridor Diagnosis can include x-ray to look…
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