Run Time: 4 minutes Author: Dr. David Rosenberg Educational Pearls: Benzodiazepine withdrawal and alcohol withdrawal are similar due to their interaction with GABA receptors in the brain except benzodiazepine withdrawals can occur weeks after you stop taking the medication. This is due to the long half-life of certain benzodiazepines. Treatment for benzodiazepine withdrawals includes putting the…
Read MoreRun Time: 2 minutes Author: Dr. Erik Verzemnieks Educational Pearls: During an erection the corpus cavanosum fills with blood, when enough stress is placed on the penis during an erection the surrounding tissue can rupture. A broken penis most often occurs during intercourse in the “reverse cowgirl” position. This condition requires surgical repair of the…
Read MoreRun Time: 3 minutes Author: Rachael Duncan, PharmD BCPS Educational Pearls: The two most important treatments for burn victims are analgesia and fluids. The number one cause of mortality associated with fires is smoke inhalation, causing carbon monoxide poisoning and/or cyanide toxicity. Cyanide toxicity changes aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism causing lactic acidosis. In burn…
Read MoreRun Time: 3 minutes Author: Dr. Mark Kozlowski Educational Pearls: NPO or nil per os is a medical instruction meaning the patient should not have any food or drink orally. At Vanderbilt Medical Center, the nursing staff initiated a change in the NPO status from everyone has to be NPO to no one needs to be…
Read MoreRun Time: 7 minutes Author: Dr. Eric Miller Educational Pearls: There are three types of dental fractures or Ellis fractures. Ellis I is through the enamel, Ellis II is into the dentin, and Ellis III is into the nerve pulp of the tooth. For fractures, any bleeding should be controlled and the tooth should be completely…
Read MoreRun Time: 2 minutes Author: Rachael Duncan, PharmD BCPS Educational Pearls: Eliquis and Xarelto are oral anticoagulants that inhibit the clotting cascade. Currently prothrombin complex concentrate or PCC can be used to reverse the effects of Xarelto or Eliquis by overpowering the inhibition of the clotting cascade. Andexanet is a medication currently in phase III trials that is…
Read MoreRun Time: 5 minutes Author: Dr. Peter Bakes Educational Pearls: Common symptoms for congestive heart failure (CHF) are dyspnea, lower extremity edema, and chest congestion. Right heart failure usually presents with JVD and pedal edema. Left heart failure usually presents with chest congestion with rales and rhonchi. A crescendo and decrescendo murmur on presentation indicates congestive…
Read MoreRun Time: 2 minutes Author: Dr. Brent Levy Educational Pearls: Altitude sickness occurs on a spectrum, usually starting over 5000 feet above sea level. The minor presentation, Acute Mountain Sickness, includes headache and flu-like illness. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema is the more severe presentation, which includes severe hypoxia and shortness of breath and upon evaluation. This…
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